(Humanities, social and applied sciences) Misan Journal of Academic Studies

Impact of Vitamin D3 Deficiency on Liver and Adipose Tissue in Pregnant Mice Amenah Salman Mohammed

Amenah Salman Mohammed — 2024-03-30

Vitamin D is a critical nutrient integral to various physiological processes such as bone health, immune function, and gene regulation. Its deficiency is linked to a range of health complications, underscoring the need to understand its effects on pregnant individuals and fetal development.

This review article focuses on the consequences of Vitamin D3 deficiency, specifically on the liver and adipose tissue in pregnant mice. The study aims to uncover the molecular, cellular, and physiological changes occurring in these tissues due to Vitamin D3 deficiency.

Diagnostic potential of salivary MMP-9 to differentiate between periodontal health and disease in smokers and non-smokers

Tamarah Adil Mohammed Hussein - Omar Husham Ali — 2024-03-30

The drawbacks of the traditional methods for detecting and managing periodontal disease motivated researchers to look for new ways to predict, diagnose, and monitor this condition. Using the biomarkers present in oral fluids could be a groundbreaking alternative to the manual probing/radiographic diagnosis. Several salivary biomarkers can accurately distinguish between periodontal health and disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) for differentiating healthy and diseased periodontal tissues in smokers and non-smokers. The study involved 175 participants who were classified into five equal groups: 1) healthy controls, 2) non-smoker gingivitis, 3) smoker gingivitis, 4) non-smoker periodontitis and 5) smoker periodontitis patients. Periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded for each patient. The salivary MMP-9 concentration was ascertained using an ELISA test. The diagnostic capabilities of MMP-9 were evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Area Under the Curve (AUC). Salivary MMP-9 was significantly higher in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis compared to healthy individuals. The ROC analysis revealed that salivary MMP-9 had a high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between periodontal health and both gingivitis and periodontitis regardless of whether the patient smoked or not. salivary MMP-9 demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing between healthy and diseased periodontal conditions. The level of accuracy of MMP-9 was also sufficient regardless of smoking status.

Salivary IL-10 and TNF-α levels in Dental Caries Detection in Pediatric β-Thalassemia Major Patients

Ban Hazem Hassan - Zainab Abduljabbar Athab — 2024-03-30

β-Thalassemia Major, a severe genetic blood disorder, necessitates lifelong blood transfusions and can lead to various complications, including oxidative stress and dental caries. This study aims to evaluate the salivary levels of cytokines Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in pediatric β-thalassemia Major patients and their association with dental caries. With 80 participants aged 8-12, split equally between patients and healthy controls, it found significantly higher cytokine levels in patients, indicating an altered immune response. Despite higher dental caries severity in patients, no significant correlation with cytokine levels was noted. The findings underscore the necessity for specialized dental care for β-thalassemia Major patients due to their increased risk of dental caries, highlighting the potential impact of their condition on oral health.

Compare Robust Wilk’s statistics Based on MM-estimator for the Multivariate Multiple Linear Regression

Thamer Warda Hussein _ Abdullah A. Ameen — 2024-03-30

In the realm of multivariate linear regression, the classical Wilks' statistic stands out as a widely employed method for hypothesis testing, yet it exhibits high sensitivity to the influence of outliers. Numerous authors have explored non-robust test statistics grounded in normal theories across diverse scenarios. In this investigation, we developed a robust variant of the Wilks' statistics, utilizing the MM-estimator. This approach relies on observation weights determined through Hampel and Huber weight functions. We conducted a comparative analysis between the proposed statistics and the conventional Wilks' statistic. Monte Carlo studies were employed to assess the performance of the test statistics across various datasets, particularly under normal distribution conditions. The study delves into the comparative effectiveness of two test statistics—classical Wilks' and the newly proposed robust statistics. Both exhibited type I error rates and test power close to expected significance levels. However, in scenarios involving data contamination, the proposed statistical method demonstrated superior performance. It emerged as the preferred approach when dealing with corrupted or affected data.

Curvature Inheritance Symmetry of C_9-manifolds

Humam T. S. Al-Attwani - - Mohammed Y. Abass — 2024-03-30

This paper focused on Riemannian curvature tensor of manifolds. The components of covariant derivative of determined on the space of structure. There are fifteen non-zero of such components and the others components given by the symmetry property and Bianchi identity of . According to these components, the conditions on curvature tensor of manifolds to be has inheritance symmetry established. These conditions summarized by five equations that have common arbitrary scalar function

The issues of cultural expressions untranslatability from Iraqi Arabic into English language

Ahmed Mohamed Fahid — 2024-03-30

This study aims at explore the cultural untranslatability for expressions found in Iraqi culture. Different expressions have been chosen from Iraqi environment, which are widely used in Iraqi tongue, as a sample of the research. The researcher tries to show the cultural dimension for each expression and then explain why these expressions are untranslatability. The study found out that some Iraqi expressions are unable to translate due to the religious, ethical, psychological, and tribal dimensions that effect on the Iraqi people life to produce such expressions. The study showed that the impact of such dimensions is limited to Iraqi cultural aspects, because it has no similarities in other cultures.

Hematological and biochemical parameters changes associated with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) for some patients in Missan Province

Anas, S. Abuali — 2024-03-30

COVID-19 an infectious respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome–corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV2), has now spread to multiple countries including Iraq, therefore this study aimed at the detection of the relationship of hematological and biochemical markers with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Missan city.

Method: The study was performed in Period between (First of November -2021 to First of May- 2022), the data and blood samples were collected from 92 (55 males and 37 females) in Maternity and Baby hospital (COVID-19 center ).the patients were conformed as positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid by fluoresce RT-PCR .Each infected patient was subjected to the blood grouping test according to the procedure that described in kit of blood grouping from supplier in Chennai(India). Five (5ml) of venous blood samples were collected, Each blood sample separated into two tubes, The first sample (2ml) of the blood added to EDTA tube for hematological assessment ,the second blood sample (3ml) added to the tube without anticoagulant and centrifugation for (10 minutes) at 3000 rpm , the serum was stored in (-20C˚)freezer till handled for biochemical analysis and all biochemical parameters were performed in laboratory of Baby and Maternity hospital according to the standard methods that described in the analysis kits products in Spinach Company Spain react. Complete blood picture (CBC) were shown from the collected blood samples by automatic methods (System X kx-21n automated hematology analyzer; JAPAIN CARE CO., LTD).

Evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of salivary malondialdehyde among smokers and nonsmokers with periodontal disease: A case-control study

Haneen Fahim Abdulqader - Maha Sh. Mahmood — 2024-03-30

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules that are produced by a variety of metabolic processes that can lead to oxidative stress and subsequent direct or indirect tissue damage, are linked to the pathogenesis of the majority of inflammatory processes and result in periodontal disorders. Lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) caused by ROS can lead to tissue injury. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in periodontal health and periodontal disease in nonsmokers and smokers, and to establish its usefulness as diagnostic indicators for periodontal disease.125 male patients were categorized as control: 25 healthy nonsmokers,25 nonsmokers with gingivitis,25 smokers with gingivitis, 25 nonsmokers with periodontitis and 25 smokers with periodontitis. For at least 10 minutes, 2ml of unstimulated saliva was collected. Periodontal clinical parameters (PI, BOP, PPD and CAL) were recorded to assess each subject's periodontal health. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured salivary MDA levels. All groups had higher levels of salivary MDA (P < 0.05) when compared to the healthy controls, except for the nonsmoker periodontitis group was not statistically different from the control group; however, smoker groups had higher MDA levels than nonsmoker groups. With the limitations of this case-control study, it may be suggested that the oxidative stress biomarker MDA was higher in periodontal diseases associated with risk factors such as smoking and this biomarker has the potential to be employed as a diagnostic biomarker for periodontal diseases.

Mapping the Slopes' Geomorphological Classification Using Geomatics Techniques: A Case Study of Zawita, Iraq

Mohammed Abbas Jaber Al-humairi1, Elaf Amer Majeed Alyasiri2* — 2024-03-30

The aim of this present study is to classify and map the landscape of Zawita, Iraq. Different classification methods of the slope characteristics were considered such as slope degree, slope arching, slope direction, slope direction, hills shade, young classification, Demek classification. Digital Elevation Model was downloaded from USGS (2022) and applied as input data to classify and analyze the slope. The finding out that the area is identified as an elevated area. The elevation of the area is ranged between 520-1500 meters above sea level, which indicate the intensity and effectiveness of the alpine movements. Among analyzing the maps, the area is considered as arisky and sensitive to geomorphological hazards which made the area unstable. Most of the slopes of the study area is ranged from 2-34.9 degrees and this different degree of slopes is a consequent risk of high erosion

Enhancement methods of intrusion detection systems using artificial intelligence methods (TLBO)Algorithm.

Mohammed Saeed Hashim Al-Hammash - Haitham Maarouf — 2024-03-30

Many methods have been used to build intrusion detection system based on the objective to be achieved in the prescribed manner. Hybrid methods (multiple methods) usually give better results and accuracy. The recent developments and popularization of network & information technologies have necessitated the need for network information security. Human-based smart intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are built with the capability to either warn or intercept network intrusion; this is not possible with the conventional network security systems. However, most information security studies have focused on improvement of the effectiveness of smart network IDSs. This study used TLBO algorithm as a feature selection algorithm to choose the best subset features and SVM classifier to classify the packet if it is intrusion or normal packet, two machine learning datasets used to test the proposed algorithm, the results show that the proposed algorithm perform better than many of the existing work in IDS.

In Silico Interaction of Select Cardiovascular Drugs with the Developmental Signal Pathway Pax3

Sarah T. Al-Saray — 2024-03-30

Paired Box 3 Pax3 is a pivotal protein in embryogenesis. This study computationally examines the interaction between twenty cardiovascular drugs and Pax3. Many of these drugs can cross the placenta, suggesting their potential influence on embryonic safety during pregnancy. This investigation is crucial due to Pax3's central role in embryogenesis.

Methods: The Zinc 15 database was utilized to extract the 3D chemical structures of the selected drug molecules, while the Pax3 protein was obtained from the Protein Data Bank. Subsequently, the structures of both the molecules and the protein were prepared, and the docking process was conducted using Discovery Studio and the Virtual Screening Tool Python Prescription.

Results: The majority of the drugs exhibited a propensity for protein binding, with affinity values between them and the Pax3 protein ranging from (-8.3) to (-4.8). Only six of them displayed weak affinities below (-6). The findings unveiled that all of these drugs engaged in varied bonding with amino acids situated within the protein's active site. Furthermore, most of them formed both conventional and unconventional hydrogen bonds with the protein's amino acids.

Conclusion: These findings highlight intricate interactions between cardiovascular drugs and Pax3 protein. Notably, fetal health in pregnant women using these drugs during pregnancy appears inversely related to their interaction with Pax3. This correlation accounts for both the strength and precision of binding. Consequently, among the studied drugs, Losartan appears safer for fetal development compared to Spironolactone and Ouabain.

Influence of gingivitis in preterm delivery on serum biomarkers COX-2 and PGE-2

Shaden Husham Maddah*1 - Ghada Ibrahim Taha2 — 2024-03-30

Periodontal disease increases local and systemic inflammatory responses in pregnant women, which may lead to premature delivery. The aim of this study to detect maternal serum levels of Prostaglandin E2 and Cyclooxigenase-2, and evaluate the association between these biomarkers with preterm delivery in pregnant women suffering from gingivitis. A total of 85 pregnant women having gingivitis were divided into three groups; twenty-five preterm-delivery pregnant and thirty full-term delivery pregnant women, in addition to thirty healthy pregnant women with healthy gingiva as a control group. The mean age of patients was (25.07±1.097), (26.12±1.400) years, and (27.73±1.250) years for control group. The blood sample was collected with all participants and the biomarkers cytokines Prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The current study showed an increase higher in levels of Prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2 in pre-term delivery having gingivitis group followed by full term-delivery pregnant groups having gingivitis compared with a control group, with statistically highly significant differences (p<0.05). This finding indicated that the pre-term delivery women higher than full-term-delivery pregnant revealed worsened periodontal health conditions and elevated levels of serum Prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2 levels compared with control group.

Detection and Identification of Chlamydia causing Ear infection by PCR

Rabab Saleh Al.sajedy / Ghaida'a . J. AL.Ghizzawi — 2024-03-30

Chlamydia bacteria were isolated and identified from One hundred ear swab are collected from patients had otitis externa and otitis media. Ear swabs are taken from patients attending the ENT consulting clinics at Basra General Hospital and Abi Al-Khasib Hospital, of both sexes and of different ages, from November 2022 to May 2023. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to diagnose 19 cases of chlamydia, including 11 cases of chlamydia trachomatis and 8 cases of chlamydia pneumonia, There are 14 co-infections with other bacteria and 5 single cases of chlamydia. The results of the current study shows the registration of 19 cases of C.trachomatis, C.pnemoniae and more injuries within the age group (1monthes-10) years, by 7 cases of infection and by 36.8%, while 5 cases of infection are recorde in the age group (11-20) years and by 26.3%, 4(21.05%) cases of infection in the age group (21-30) years ,Two cases of infection in the age group (31-40) rate of (10.5%) and One case (5.2%) in the age group (>60) .These pathogens are find inside cells that are difficult to identify, and they are the cause of pneumonia, ear effusion, inflammation of the auditory canal, and perforation of the eardrum, which affects the hearing mechanism.

Metric areas and results of best periodic points

Maytham zaki oudah Al Behadili / Mustafa ASLANTAŞ — 2024-03-30

This thesis consists of four parts. In the first chapter, the basic definitions and theorems that will be used throughout the thesis are given. In the second part, we obtain some of the best periodic proximity point results in metric spaces for p-contraction type mappings. Thus, we generalize and improve the similar results existing in the literature. In the third section, we demonstrate some of the best periodic proximity point results in metric spaces for nonunique contraction mappings. Some generalizations of both the fixed point and best proximity point results have been obtained for nonunique contraction mappings

Structural and Optical Properties of Co doped CdS Nanoparticles Synthesised by Chemical Method

Uday Ali Sabeeh Al-Jarah / Hadeel Salih Mahdi — 2024-03-30

Constructed using the sol gel technique, the CdS nanoparticles contain cobalt. Scientists used X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to determine the properties of the particles they collected. The structural characterization results demonstrate the synthesis of impurity-free, Co-doped CdS nanoparticles in a single phase. We have shown and discussed the UV-VIS spectrophotometer-recorded optical absorption spectra of the doped sample in the 350–800 nm wavelength range. According to the Tauc relationship, the energy band gap is 2.46 eV. Potentially useful uses for co-doped CdS include photocatalysis, sensors, and solar cells.

The occurrence of Lactobacillus and Candida albicans in patients with thyroid disorders

Riam Hassoun Harbi1 - Maha Adel Mahmood2 — 2024-03-30

Thyroid disease can disrupt the body's balance and affect its ability to heal tissues. Research has indicated that those with thyroid problems have an increased susceptibility to dental caries. This may be from the illness process itself, surgical intervention (thyroidectomy), or drug side effects that exacerbate dental and oral health conditions. The case-control study was conducted 87 precipitate. Precipitate was divided into three groups as the following: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and healthy control group. Each group comprised 29 subjects, all participants aged between 30 and 60. Saliva was cultured on orgasm agar for lactobacilli, sabouraud’s dextrose agar for Candida albicans. Additionally, thyroid function test was measurement by cobas. Concerning (salivary flow rate), results show that a lower mean value was recorded in the "Hyperthyroid" patient group, whereas in the "Hypothyroid" group, patients accounted for the second-ordered mean value, and the healthy group accounted for a high-level mean value within the normal range, as significant differences at P<0.05 were accounted for among the studied groups. Concerning microbial types, comparing hyperthyroid and control groups, results show that substantial differences are accounted for in at least P<0.05 (C. Albicans and Lactobacillus). Also, comparing hypothyroid and control groups shows significant differences, at least at P<0.05. This study concluded that salivary flow rate (SFR) is too sensitive due to hyperthyroid patients, and C. Albicanis and Lactobacillus) have a higher count in Saliva of both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients compared with the control group,

An overview of the loquat's (Eriobotrya japonica) active components

Shahad Basheer Bahedh - Dina Yousif Mohammed — 2024-03-30

The variety known as loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) is subtropical in nature. The primary cultivators of loquat are China and Spain. It has a substantial nutritional composition, that is high in minerals, organic acids, vitamins, and carbohydrates. Moreover, a variety of bioactive substances, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, carotenoids, and phenolics, are abundant in loquat. These substances exhibit various biological properties, including cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. Numerous investigations carried out in vitro and in vivo have shown that loquat may have health benefits. To establish a link between the bioactive compounds and their biological activities, more research is necessary, thereby augmenting our understanding of the properties of this plant.

Study the mineralogy of Al-Faw soil in southern Iraq and determine swelling properties by indirect methods

Haneen.N. Abdalamer - Huda.A.Daham — 2024-03-30

This study aims to determine the capacity of surface soils, the loading layers of engineered structures with shallow foundations, to swell. For this, five samples were collected using a hand auger at a depth of 1.5–2 meters in the city of Al-Faw in Basra, Iraq. The swelling potential of the soils in the research area was calculated using the clay content, liquid limit, plasticity index, and shrinkage limit values, and the constituent minerals were identified using X-ray diffraction. According to the results of the Atterberg’s limit tests, the soil samples taken from the city of Al-Faw fall into one of three categories: clayey silt low plasticity (ML), clay high plasticity (CH), or silty clay low plasticity (CL). The liquid limit in soil samples ranges between 34-55%, and the plasticity index values range between 12 and 28%. Three samples are of medium swelling potential, while the third location has high swelling potential and the second location has low swelling potential, and the X-ray diffraction data demonstrate that Montmorillonite is the main dominant clay mineral, accounting for an average of 31.88%, followed by Kaolinite mineral, which accounts for an average of 28.984%, Illite, which accounts for an average of 19.5702%, Chlorite, which accounts for an average of 12.1864%, and Palegorskite, which accounts for an average of 7.3688%.

The Role of pknF and fbpA as a virulence genes with Interleukin-4and 6, in the Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis

Samih Riyadh Faisal - Zahrah Adnan Dakhel Alshammarii — 2024-03-30

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem caused by

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), a bacterium that can evade the host immune system and keep at in a latent state. Drug-resistant strains of MTB, such as multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), pose a significant challenge toward the TB control efforts. This study aimed to investigate the role of two MTB virulence genes, pknF and fbpA, and two host cytokines, Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-6, in the pathogenesis of TB. The expression levels of pknF and fbpA genes were measured by qPCR in (12) sensitive TB and (12) MDR-TB isolates. IL-4 and IL-6 were measured by ELISA in serum samples from (24) healthy controls, (12) patients having sensitive TB, and 12 patients having MDR-TB. The results revealed a significant difference in fbpA gene expression between MDR-TB (2.59± SE 0.36) and sensitive TB (1.01± SE0.037) isolates (P=0.0003), whereas pknF gene expression did not vary significantly across the two groups (2.53±0.62 in MDR-TB and 1.72±0.40 in sensitive TB) (p=0.289). IL-4 levels were markedly elevated in patients with MDR-TB (1091.967± SE 108.793 pg/ml) compared to the control group (105.3358 ± SE 5.543 pg/ml) (p<0.0001), but not significantly different from patients with sensitive TB (1054.763 ± SE 71.482 pg/ml). IL-6 levels were significantly higher in both MDR-TB and sensitive TB patients than in the control group (9.253 ± SE 0.456 pg/ml). However, MDR-TB patients showed a non-significant lower ratio of IL-6 (38.5851 ± Se 4.601 pg/ml) than sensitive TB patients (42.458 ± SE 1.809). A significant negative correlation were observed between fbpA gene expression and IL-4 levels in both MDR-TB and sensitive TB patients (r = -0.375; p < 0.0001 and r = -0.165; p < 0.0001, respectively), and a positive correlation between fbpA gene expression and IL-6 levels in both groups (r = 0.1006; p < 0.0001 and r = 0.466; p < 0.0001, respectively). These findings suggest that pknF and fbpA genes may play a role in the virulence of MTB, especially in drug-resistant strains, and that IL-4 and IL-6 may be involved in the host immune response to MTB infection. These potential biomarkers could be used to develop targeted therapies for MDR-TB and improve TB control efforts globally.

The language of emotion in the nineties poetic text

Ahmed Abidl Kareem Yassen Al Azawi — 2024-03-30

The study of language itself is a means of communication between the poet and the reader. It aims to show the creative aspect of the text through several functions, the most important of which is the subject of current study (the emotional function), the essence and purpose of which is the existence of an stimulus to issue a decision after the mind realizes that incentive.

The poem, with its content, appears in an artistic form that the poet expresses in an unusual language. Its goal is to violate the usual system because the poetic image is nothing but an expression of a psychological and emotional state that the poet suffers as a result of a daily life situation. Any image within a work of art carries a feeling and performs the same function as the other partial image. The sum of these images constitutes the overall image that the poem ends with. From this principle, the subject of research began in clarifying the emotionalism of the nineties poet. So that the researcher can know the nature of his poetic language and translate it through poetic texts in which there was a lot of emotion and in which there was no calmness and satisfaction with everything that was available.

Constitutional protection of the rights of stateless children to education in Iraqi legislation )A comparative study)

Kamel Khaled Fahd - Hind Ali Muhammad — 2024-03-30

Protecting the rights of stateless children is one of the priorities of the international community, as children are the basic building block in building in society's structure.The beginning of their lives is characterized by weakness, frailty, and the inability to prevent the dangers facing them at a stage that is one of the most dangerous stages which has a direct impact on forming their personality in the future, and one of the effects of this is their inability to meet their necessary needs that secure them ways to continue life and keep up with it by self-reliance. Therefore, the problem of stateless children obtaining their rights is an urgent necessity that must be protected by the legislator and society to ensure one of their rights, which is the right of education. In his research, the researcher relied on the method of comparative analysis and concluded with a set of Findings and proposals.

Prediction on Demand for Storage by Using Artificial Neural

Aymen khaleel Ismael Al- Qubtan / Lamyaa Mohammed Ali Hameed — 2024-03-30

In this research, neural networks with back-propagation of error were used for the purpose of predicting time series for one of the warehouses belonging to the Ministry of Defense, which is the Babylon Supply warehouse, for a period of five months, with the aim of finding the optimal storage size for some dry livelihoods. The results were analyzed and tested to find out and determine the appropriate storage model, and since the coefficient of variation of the data it is less than 20%, so the model is specific and it is a model of purchasing without a deficit. The WQSB.V2 program was used to obtain the results for the mathematical model used for the different materials in storage, which are flour and rice, and for different months of the year. The results were obtained with the lowest percentage of error and to determine the optimal size of storage and the economic quantity. Optimum, safety stock, reorder period, safety period, and total cost for each material. The majority of materials had a reorder period of up to 14 to 24 days and a safety period of up to 7 days.

Some of Parametric and Non Parametric Estimations for Circular Regression Model via Simulation

Rana Sadiq Nazer / Omar Abdulmohsin Ali — 2024-03-30

Circular data, or circular observations, is data that has a periodic nature and is measured on the unit circle in radians or degrees. It differs fundamentally from linear data that is compatible with the mathematical representation of the usual linear regression model due to its periodic nature. Circular data arises in a wide variety of fields of life, including scientific, medical, economic, and social. Circular (angular) regression is one of the most important statistical methods that represent this data. There are several methods for estimating angular regression, including parametric and non-parametric methods. The problem of the research appears in dealing with circular data when using angular measurement for the study variables in the regression model, whether the dependent variable y or the explanatory variables x,s, or both together, due to the presence of the periodic property in the circular scale.

The research aims to estimate the models that represent these phenomena subject to the logic of circular angular data, taken under the presence of the periodic property over 24 hours in the measurement. The research also aims to apply causal modeling using a regression model based on a trigonometric transformation function, which will result in a change in the structure of the natural equations that lead to finding solutions to them to estimate the regression coefficients.

Therefore, the research included the use of three models for angular regression, two of which are parametric models and one is a non-parametric model. As for the parametric models, they are the Maximum Likelihood Circular (MLE) model and the Circular Shrinkage Regression (DM) model. This method is a method proposed by the researcher. As for the non-parametric model, it is the Local Linear Circular Regression (LL) model. The Mean Circular Error (MCE) criterion was used to compare the three models.

The results in the experimental (simulation) side showed that the parametric models are not better than the non-parametric model in solving the problem of non-Euclidean data that deals with circular observations using the inverse transformation method in simulation experiments (9 experiments) and for all assumed values and all sample sizes.

Murder in the quran and sunnah (a study of causes effects and prevention)

Chasib ghazi rashak — 2024-03-30

Man was created for the sake of survival, and therefore he attains advancement and a high level, as God Almighty made him a caliph (I will make you a caliph on earth), the caliph due to the capabilities he possesses that qualifies him over the rest of creation, as God said (and We honored the children of Adam), that honor due to the qualities and virtues bestowed upon him, and he deserves to be with them. A caliph is respected and honored because through him the lineage is preserved and honor is preserved. Therefore, God granted him the right to live life with dignity and freedom, and no one has the right to rob this creature dear to God of his dignity and freedom in life. Therefore, it is considered that taking any soul is the death of all human beings, and that keeping this soul alive is a life for all mankind (and whoever kills a soul for other than a soul, it is as if he had killed all mankind, and whoever saves a life, it is as if he had saved all mankind).

Therefore, killing a human being is considered one of the most heinous crimes punishable by law, whether intentionally or accidentally. Accordingly, the taking of a human life falls under the afterlife punishment that God has warned against and promised its perpetrator hell. For this reason, the Holy Qur’an and Sunnah have warned in verses and hadiths against this criminal act, and this phenomenon is undesirable because it involves the dispersal of human society and the spread of chaos and revenge that lead to the spread of transgression and dissolution in society.

In this research, we discuss killing in the Qur’an and Sunnah, a study of the causes and effects, where we review the most important reasons that lead to killing, including religious weakness, faith, temptation, envy, mental and nervous influences, and anger.... We also review the most important effects resulting from killing, including the wrath of God Almighty and the Messengers, the disappearance of life, and the annihilation of creation and offspring. And sins and eternity in hellfire... in addition to discussing the most important ways to prevent murder by following legitimate and legal methods such as retribution for the perpetrator and precaution in sparing blood, which contributes to reducing chaos and spreading societal security.

Bektashi Sufi order An Analytical Study

Jabbar Nasser Yousef — 2024-03-30

The Bektashi Sufi order is an analytical and descriptive study that may be a pioneer in this field in explaining the foundations and rules on which that order was based, which can be recognized as a Shiite order that has achieved a significant spread in the Sunni community. The study aims to dismantle the beginnings and roots of this method and identify the changes that occurred in it compared to what it was at the time of its founding, then try it fundamentally to show the extent of its conformity with the doctrinal rules and foundations. Revealing the identity of the members of the Bektashi order and following up on their path and the extent of their growing belief in the order is one of the determinants that imposed its presence in the study due to the peculiarities and doctrinal entanglements. However, its most important feature is its proximity to the world of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) in terms of loving them and disavowing their enemies. Despite the scarcity of sources that dealt with the subject of the study in the Arabic language, most of which were in Turkish and Persian, and the challenge this posed in providing the research with a comfortable flow of information and ideas, objective results were reached in the study that confirm that the Bektashi method is very close to the literature and principles of the Jaafari doctrine and that there are opportunities. There are many shared spaces that can be invested in guidance, advocacy, and containment, similar to the experience presented in this field by His Eminence, the authority of the sect, Mr. Mohsen Al-Hakim, may God Almighty be pleased with him.

السياسات التعليمية في الفكر الإسلامي مدخل لتعزيز البناء الاجتماعي

Hamid Hadi Baden — 2024-03-30

Educational policies are among the new concepts in the strategic planning of the state in general and education in particular, and the demands addressed in this research establish an Islamic methodology and intellectual vision stemming from the basic goal of the teaching and learning process, which is community service.

The researcher discussed the Qur’anic foundations of educational policies and the rooting of this concept in the Islamic heritage, based on the hadiths and biography of the Noble Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family, as well as the biography of the righteous predecessors

As well as in the context of rooting the social structure in Islamic thought, which considers the educational institution to be the second institution after the family, which raises the structure of society, we transform advancement, prosperity and progress by providing society with the outcomes of the educational process from specialized and qualified human resources to sustain the momentum of development.

Finally, the discussion comes in the context of adopting theories of promoting social responsibility, which educational policies contribute directly to through the vision they provide for the future

A Study of the Chains of Transmission of the Hadith ‘My family is the safety of my nation...’ in Terms of the Sunni Hadith Approach

Hekmat Jarih Saber Al-Rahma — 2024-03-30

The researcher provided insights into the transmission of the hadith Al-Aman by extracting it from its original sources, analyzing the transmission chains and reporting methods, and evaluating them based on the rules and origins of the hadith according to Sunni tradition. He determined that the hadith was reported in nine transmission chains by six companions, with no repeated narrator in the transmission chains. Otherwise, the chains of transmission of the hadith increase even more. It has become evident that some of the chains of transmission are effective on their own, while others may have minor flaws that are resolved when approached from a different angle. The hadith is reliable in every aspect without any issues. It also became evident that the alterations of the hadith by certain hadith scholars did not align with the established guidelines, and thus we observed some of them acknowledging the authenticity of the hadith.

measurement and disclosure of visual production in the Iraqi media network according to international accounting standards

Rae'ed hazim jodah / Khawla Hussein Hamdan — 2024-03-30

The requirements of accounting measurement and disclosure for the visual production industry in Iraq differ from accounting standards, as accounting recognition according to local accounting rules requires conditions and events that differ from those required by international standards, and that the adoption of international accounting standards leads to the possibility of comparison between the financial statements of companies and what serves many parties, including investors In making their investment decisions, the research aims to identify what is visual production in companies in accounting thought and to identify shortcomings in measurement and disclosure of treatments in visual production companies under the local accounting rules and the unified accounting system by comparing it with the relevant international accounting standards

The foundations of applying the art of Ikebana in the art works lessons in the Art Education Department

SuhadJawadFaraj Al-Sakani — 2024-03-30

The current research aims to identify the foundations of applying the art of ikebana and how to integrate its applications into lessons on art works in the Department of Art Education at the College of Basic Education. Therefore, the theoretical aspects that enhance the crystallization of the problem of the current research were studied by identifying the beginning of the art of ikebana, its requirements, the foundations of its general principles, and its relationship to handicrafts. In the field of art education, the current research community included all educational lessons on the art of Ikebana published electronically on the Internet, and after seeking the opinions of a group of experts and specialists, a percentage of (10%) of this community was adopted as a sample of (13) typical lessons for the art of Ikebana. Then the researcher designed a tool to analyze the content of these electronic lessons in order to reach the foundations for integrating practical applications of the art of Ikebana into handicraft lessons. After verifying the validity and reliability of the tool, it was applied to the selected samples. The researcher concluded that applying the Japanese art of Ikebana can lead to innovation. There has been a great momentum of new designs in the field of flower arranging by employing the aesthetics of the arts of neighboring peoples in designing and making flowers in the Japanese style. It also recommended the necessity of periodically updating the vocabulary of handicrafts subjects in the departments of art education and suggested conducting studies and research similar to the current study, in a way that serves the educational content of the field. Art education.

Predicting public relations crises through artificial intelligence applications

Leith Sabbar Jabeer — 2024-03-30

The research is interested in defining a clear scientific vision of the importance of employing artificial intelligence applications by public relations practitioners in government institutions, as well as studying its importance in predicting and managing crises, and identifying the most intelligent applications that will be relied upon in the future and the challenges they face, as the research results showed that the percentage 78% of the respondents preferred the priority of their answers to the category (I agree) that artificial intelligence applications perform complex tasks that require human participation in their work to improve their performance. The results also showed that 78% of the respondents preferred the priority of their answers to the category (I agree) that artificial intelligence applications predict crises. before they occur and provide mechanisms that work to confront them, while most of the respondents did not agree on the existence of legal frameworks capable of achieving societal security and preventing misuse of these applications .

Narrations of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon him) praising and disparaging the people of Kufa, an analytical study

Mohammed Jabbar Jassim Ali — 2024-04-19

This research is considered one of the analytical studies of narrations issued by infallible imams (peace be upon them) among the Twelver Imami Shiites in praise and disparagement of the people of Kufa. These two methods of praise and blame are not considered a contradiction in their narrations (peace be upon them) and are not considered an insult to all the people of Kufa. Rather, praise and blame each have their reasons through the view of the People of the House (peace be upon them) in the Qur’an, the basis of which is (questioning their divine and divine leadership) stipulated by law and without it. Questioning it. Whoever doubts them will be proven to be condemned in their narrations, and whoever remains firm on their divine leadership and does not doubt it, his right to praise on their behalf will be proven and God’s covenant with them will be confirmed. God has called them “the thankful” in His Noble Book.This praise of the people of Kufa and their condemnation is completely similar to what was issued in the Mighty Book of God in terms of condemnation and praise for what the Companions of the Messenger of God did in the Battle of Uhud, where they were divided into two parts: one group that did not adhere to the command of the divine leadership of the Messenger and required the revelation of verses from the Holy Qur’an condemning them, and the other group: those who remained steadfast with the Messenger. (May God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) and required the revelation of verses from the Mighty Book praising them in one incident.

Manifestations of Existentialist Conflict in Aws Ibn Hajr's L-Rhymed Poems

Mushtaq talib monem — 2024-03-30

The subject of conflict remains one of the important topics that have always held the same priority and significance in research and study, and this importance perhaps increases with the passage of time and its expiration, in accordance with new perspectives and contents that proportionally correspond to the nature of daily life on one hand, and the evolution of views, concepts, standards, and perspectives on the other hand. The theme of conflict manifests in various forms. It could be between humans and their own kind, or between them and non-rational beings represented by nature and animals. It often extends to the individual's inner conflict with themselves, meaning that the individual enters into a conflict with themselves. This phenomenon is influenced by circumstances, context, and even daily living reality, which is what we perceive today in our natural lives. So, man, according to the philosophy of Martin Heidegger, is the only being capable of perpetually transcending himself towards the possible, thus achieving existence through it. Meanwhile, other entities do not possess the ability to transcend themselves as they are either animalistic or otherworldly.

The primary idea of this research emerges from the Mu'allaqa of Tarafa Ibn al-Abd, carrying within it various visions, challenges, and manifestations. Additionally, numerous studies have been conducted from different perspectives, including the subject of conflict, which presents a single title but with various approaches. Consequently, I seek a poem to be suitable for the theme of conflict and find, many poems that can be sufficient, the L-Poem of Aws ibn Hajar is the most fertile, for various reasons such as the aspects which relates to the poet himself, the nature of the poem, its numerous elements of renewal, as well as its expression of the real situation and the image of that era.

The poem of this research encompasses many manifestations of existential conflict within its folds, ranging from selfhood, isolation, rebellion against reality, victory for the self, to the ending with the dialectic of presence and absence. These are manifestations brought forth by the eternal conflict between the self and the other.

The duality of religious identity and self-understanding in the novel (The Cloud Player) by Ali Badr is an example

Noor Khalil Ali — 2024-03-30

The Player of the Clouds), the writer presents a narrative tone based on the theme of religious violation, when the narrator masters writing the text creatively by fragmenting the understanding of another, who worked to break the heroic self that represented suffering, of the one who disappointed him / the other, who represented the axis of conflict, which is revealed by the character. And the circumstances that helped form it as a violationThe reality of the hero, to live a state of psychological rupture by rejecting the reality that seemed to pursue him in all directions (political, social, and religious), and in all places (inside and outside the country), thus framing for a dual personality before the mind of the reader, one party representing Western culture, and one party representing religious authorities, thus creating Our creative text is based on the conflict between two violated realitiesIt contains identity, fragments of self-understanding, and with the skill of the narrator, the reader experiences representations of the conflict and suffering of the heroic characterIt breaks the reader's horizon of expectations, creating for a creative text based on the conflict between two realities in which identity is violated, self-understanding is fragmented, and with the skill of the narrator, the reader experiences representations of the conflict and suffering of the heroic character

The Saudi-Islamic alliance project and the position of the Zionist entity (Analytical study of American documents)

Saad Mahdi Jaafar — 2024-03-30

The study addresses the basic objectives behind King Faisal of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia proposing the Islamic alliance project as an alternative to the Arab nationalist movement, as part of the competition between Saudi Arabia and Egypt for leadership, especially after the increase in the national stature of President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Its most important comes from its reliance on Arab books and documents on the one hand, and its main reliance on American documents that revealed the facts of cooperation between the Islamic alliance countries, especially Saudi Arabia, with the Zionist entity to negate the plans against the Arab nation, especially Egypt, which were implemented practically to exhaust Egypt for more than five years (1962-1967). It succeeded in occupying the Egyptian forces in the civil war.