Green Spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC Methods for the Quantification of Cefdinir in Pharmaceutical Formulations: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
This review examines 36 peer-reviewed studies (2004–2026) on the determination of the drug Cefdinir, comparing "green" methods with Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) in light of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) principles and ICH guidelines. RP-HPLC offers high sensitivity (detection limits in the ng/mL range) and excellent quantitative capabilities, yet it consumes significant amounts of solvents. In contrast, spectrophotometric methods are cost-effective and environmentally friendly, though they exhibit lower sensitivity (detection limits in the μg/mL range) and selectivity. Despite recent innovations—such as the use of alternative solvents and cloud-point extraction—the use of hazardous solvents remains prevalent. This review presents a roadmap for pharmaceutical analysis, emphasizing the shift toward miniaturized, eco-friendly techniques.
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